Ielts Writing Free Essays

In everywhere throughout the world, particularly those created, youngster stoutness turns into a significant issue and the vast majority of the guardians simply think that its unconquerable. Truth be told, reasons for kid weight are discernible. To start with, is the propensity for eating lousy nourishment. We will compose a custom exposition test on Ielts Writing or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now We can undoubtedly arrive at a McDonalds or KFC in the city in the created world like U. S. also, be presented to Coca Cola and Pepsi’s notices. Kids consistently need something taste great paying little mind to their nourishment nor fats. Guardians for the most part request that their kids have less jars of coke while continue purchasing twelve of jars home. Except if the guardians assume an increasingly dynamic job to help change their children’s dietary pattern. Something else, corpulence is by all accounts a ceaseless issue. Furthermore, an absence of physical exercise does make a difference. Kids in created world are commonly wealthier. More often than not they might be occupied in playing make light of station and sitting throughout the day. The main exercise that they do are stroll to the periphery to get a container of coke or to the latrine. They once in a while go out for a walk. In spite of the fact that there is PE exercise in school, youngsters have it just once per week, which is far to successful. The raise of web additionally prompts the above issue, as a considerable amount of youngsters have been dependent on some informal organization or Apps on portable. The impacts go along the stoutness hurt the physical wellbeing as well as the psychological wellness of the hefty youngster. Weight can prompt heart related ailments. When the kids get overweight, they can barely do any activity in light of the fact that their cumbersome body. At the point when they develop more seasoned, they may begin experiencing low confidence since they care progressively about their own appearance and their weight may turn into a joke. This intensify the stoutness issue as some of them might not have any desire to escape the house any more. It is justifiable that youngsters are of less poise. So to fix weight, guardians, instructors and government should share the obligations. Guardians should step up and prevent their kid from having a lot of low quality nourishment. Educators can mention to the understudies what are garbage food’ s cons while the schools ought to give more beneficial lunch. Peruse likewise: Principles of Good Writing by L.A. Slope The administration can set a boundary for the measure of soda pops and lousy nourishment commercial just as advance the aces of having ordinary activities, constructing more offices for open to appreciate doing works out. To close, kid corpulence in created world isn't phenomenal, the primary explanation is individuals become lazier when the general public and innovation become progressed. Both of guardians, educators and government need to by all methods help the youngsters to develop a decent dietary pattern since they are the fate of the general public and wellbeing is the most important thing to them. The most effective method to refer to Ielts Writing, Essay models

English literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

English writing - Essay Example ell, they have not delayed on a solitary event to dismiss any single chance to achieve it, even at the expense of causing inconceivable impact of damage to their kindred people. Such edgy endeavor of intensity mongering initiated hundreds of years back yet as the human advancement has advanced it has taken an increasingly ruthless and stripped structure. Aristotle maybe pictured the continuous procedure of unspeakable atrocity; in this way, he commented prophetically, â€Å"The truth is that the best wrongdoings are brought about by overabundance and not by need. Men don't become dictators all together that they may not endure cold; and consequently incredible is the respect presented, not on him who slaughters a hoodlum, however on him who murders a tyrant.† (Aristotle, Part VII) Then again it very surprising to see that regardless of how much the despots and force mongers endeavor to exact the torment over mankind however they have not had the option to annihilate the soul and pith of humankind totally. People, even in today’s universe of good defilement just as common doubt are prepared to extend their hands for helping other people. Through writing, music and distinctive different types of expressions they challenge such silly procedure of unspeakable atrocity by their human partners. Through investigation of specific stories and a film Born on the Fourth of July, we will attempt to comprehend whether common battle of individuals has truly had the option to hold human instinct and qualities. Simultaneously we will likewise observe to which greatness unspeakable atrocity has stretched out its degree to abuse the obligation of human association. 1. Conceived on the Fourth of July/This film was discharged in the year 1989 and has been made by getting motivation from the collection of memoirs with a similar name, from a veteran of Vietnam War, Ron Kovic. In spite of the fact that Ron was conceived and raised in a family, having a solid devoted foundation yet in the wake of watching the truth of the Vietnam War however his own eyes, Ron was totally disappointed about the demonstration of fighting.

Case Study: Google in China Essay

Google gave an announcement referencing the assaults over the Internet created from China and pronouncing its reluctance to blue pencil indexed lists any more and demonstrating its choice of leaving China. A while later, the organization moved from Beijing to Hong Kong, out of Mainland China, and still has offered types of assistance to clients in Mainland China, yet in addition has confronted numerous challenges. This case is ordinary and significant for remote organizations, which have eagerness to dispatch their business effectively in China. Culture, neighborhood laws and contrasts between western market and Chinese market ought to be thought about. Case A 1. For what reason did Google issue the announcement of January 12? Google gave the announcement to communicate the company’s reluctance to endure control in China and the choice to exit from China. The Chinese government settled on the choice to control the data stream on the Internet and demanded expelling data from query items that it is considered politically frightful, which prompts the inadequacy and error of the output. This isn't what Google needs. The announcement doesn’t target blaming for the digital assaults over the Internet and helping clients make their PCs a lot more secure, yet pronounce that Google won’t bargain to the restriction in China any more, which disregards the missions and standards of the companyâ€To sort out the world’s data and make it all around open and valuable and do no insidious. 2. Will Google take comfort from the responses of partners up until now? As I would see it, it relies upon various partners. For contenders, for example, Baidu, there is no uncertainty that Google leaving from China is incredible news by disposing of such a solid contender. And furthermore I don’t think the investors of the organization were glad to see that, as the stock cost of Google falling as low as $573.09 on January 13 contrasting with $714.87 in December 2007. What's more, cutting themselves off from one of the quickest developing economies on the planet and surrendering such a tremendous market would prompt negative effect on the incomes of the organization. Those investors would give additional weight. Be that as it may, the announcement won some regard and backing from democrats and human rights activists, and furthermore won the trust of its clients and the workers outside China, not the ones in China.

Racism in the Adventure of Huckleberry Finn Free Essays

Huckleberry Finn is a magnificent book that catches the core of the peruser in its splendor and guiltlessness. Regardless of numerous pundits have assaulted its bigot perspective;the piece simply speaks to a reality that happened during before the war America,the setting of the novel. Twain’s abstract gadgets in catching the central of excitement,adventure,and human compassion is a great novel that ought to be recognized,not for bias, yet that it is the genuine perspective of a kid that experienced childhood in that period. We will compose a custom exposition test on Prejudice in the Adventure of Huckleberry Finn or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now Also, even then,the hero overcomes some social preferences of subjugation since he is worried about the prosperity of his runaway slave companion Jim. That the joke of the slave race at long last permitted by Huck is progressively about satisfying the amazements of Huck towards Tom. The tale is a triumph since it doesn't neglect to catch the one particular purpose of growing up for Huck:boyhood. Imprint Twain certainly portrays the protagonist,the keen and thoughtful Huckleberry Finn,by the direct open way of composing as if through the real voice of Huck. Each word,thought, and discourse by Huck is so exact it reflects even the bigotry and dark generalizations ordinary of the time. What's more, this has lead to many clashing fights by different perusers since the main print of the novel,though moving a few. Says John H. Wallace,outraged by Twain’s steady utilization of the debasing and racial oppressor word‘nigger’,†[The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is]the most abnormal case of bigot waste ever written†(Mark Twain Journal by Thadious Davis,Fall 1984 and Spring 1985). Yet,again to counter that is a statement by the incomparable American essayist Ernest Hemingway,†All present day American writing originates from one book by Mark Twain called Huckleberry Finn†¦it’s the best book we’ve had†¦There has been nothing as acceptable since†(The Green Hills of Africa [Scribner’s. 1953]22). The contention behind the novel has been and will consistently remain the essence of any perusers is still really prejudice. Twain most likely uses the word‘nigger’often,both as a referral to the slave Jim and any African-American that Huck runs over and as the exemplification of affront and inadequacy. However,the peruser should likewise not neglect to perceive that this style of racism,this noxious treatment of African-Americans,this debasing disposition towards them is totally adapted of the pre-Civil War custom. Prejudice is just referenced in the novel as an object of characteristic course and an exactness to the real perspectives on the setting at that point. Huckleberry Finn despite everything remains as an amazing depiction of experience through the recently discovered eyes of a blameless kid. Huck just says and treats the African-American culture as needs be with the general public that he was brought up in. To state anything diverse would really be strange and setting of the era.Twain’s artistic style in catching the novel,Huck’s easygoing mentality and real to life position,and Jim’s undoubted acknowledgment of the persecution by the names all means this. The proposal has three parts. Section one is presentation of the entire work. Section two give some data about the analysis writing. Part three give a profound gander at the exploration about the racial issues in the book Huck Finn. Section four is the end part. 1 Literature Review Literary analysis is an endeavor to assess and comprehend the imaginative writing,the writing of an author.Literature incorporates plays, essays,novels,poetry,and short stories. Abstract analysis is a description,analysis,evaluation,or understanding of a specific artistic work or an author’s compositions all in all. Artistic analysis is generally communicated as a basic paper. Top to bottom book audits are additionally now and again saw as abstract analysis. Dubious in death as he was in life,Mark Twain has been genuinely blamed by some for being a†racist writer,†whose composing is hostile to dark readers,perpetuates modest slave-period stereotypes,and merits no spot on today’s bookshelves.To those of us who have tanked appreciatively of Twain’s insight and humanity,such allegations are outrageous. In any case, for certain individuals they plainly contact a crude nerve,and thus they merit a genuine answer. Let’s take a gander at the book that is most usually singled out for this criticism,the novel that Ernest Hemingway recognized as the wellspring of all American literature:The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. For Twain’s critics,the novel is bigot on the essence of it,and for the most evident reason:many characters utilize the word†nigger†throughout.But since the move of the book makes place in the south twenty years before the Civil War,it would be astounding in the event that they didn’t utilize that word. A closer perusing additionally uncovers Twain’s genuine satiric purpose. In one scene,for instance,Aunt Sally knows about a steamer blast. â€Å"Good charitable! anyone hurt? â€Å"she inquires. â€Å"No’m,†comes the appropriate response. â€Å"Killed a nigger. † But any individual who envisions that Mark Twain implied this actually is 580 SCIENCE;TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION2010 5? missing the point.Rather,Twain is utilizing this easygoing exchange incidentally, as an approach to underscore the chilling truth about the old south,that it was a general public where perfectly†nice†people didn’t consider the passing of a dark individual worth their notification. To drive the point home,Twain has the woman proceed: â€Å"Well,it’s lucky,because once in a while people do get injured. † That’s a little a valid example. However, what is the book extremely about? It’s about nothing not as much as opportunity and the journey for opportunity. It’s about a slave who oversteps the law and dangers his life to win his opportunity and be brought together with his family,and a white kid who turns into his companion and causes him escape.Because of his upbringing,the kid begins accepting that bondage is a piece of the normal order;but as the story unfurls he grapples with his conscience,and when the pivotal second comes he concludes he will be doomed to the blazes of hellfire as opposed to deceive his dark companion. What's more, Jim,as Twain presents him,is barely an exaggeration. Rather,he is the ethical focus of the book,a man of fearlessness and nobility,who dangers his freedomâ€risks his lifeâ€for the purpose of his companion Huck. Note,too,that it isn't simply white pundits who come to this meaningful conclusion. Booker T. Washington noticed how Twain†succeeded in causing his eaders to feel a certified regard for’Jim,'†and brought up that Twain,in making Jim’s character,had†exhibited his compassion and enthusiasm for the majority of the negro individuals. † The incredible dark author Ralph Ellison,too,noted how Twain permits Jim’s†dignity and human capacity†to develop in the novel. â€Å"Huckleberry Finn knew,as marked Twain[Ellison wrote],that Jim was a slave as well as a human being[and]a image of humanity†¦ and in liberating Jim,Huck makes an offer to free himself of the conventionalized abhorrence taken for progress by the town†Ã¢â‚¬in other words,of the evil entity of servitude itself. In fact,you can look through all of Twain’s writings,not simply the thirty or more volumes of novels,stories,essays,and letters,but likewise his private correspondence,his after death life account and his cozy journals,and you’ll be hard put to locate a defamatory comment about the dark raceâ€and this when rough racial generalizations were the essential coin of famous fiction,stage comedy,and well known tunes. What you find in Twain is the opposite:a enthusiastic love and appreciation for dark Americans that started when he was as yet a kid and became consistently through the years.In a generally applauded post-Civil War sketch titled†A True Story,†for example,he wrenchingly evoked the torment of an ex-slave as she was isolated from her young child on the bartering square, and her euphoria at finding him in a dark regiment at war’s end. What's more, on those events when Twain ventures to think about blacks and whites,the correlation isn't prominently complimenting to the whites. Things like: ?†One of my hypotheses is that the hearts of men are about alike,all over the world,whatever their skin-appearances might be. † ?†Nearly all dark and earthy colored skins are beautiful,but an excellent white skin is uncommon. ?†There are numerous silly things in the world;among them is the white man’s thought that he is less savage than the various savages. † 2 Methods/Research Design The invalid theory for this examination is that half of the college understudies study writing will feel that there are racial segregation in the book Huck Finn and others won’t. 1000 understudies in their third and forward long periods of college will be the subject. They should never observe the book or the film of Huck Finn. They originate from both enormous urban communities and provincial zone. They are isolated into four groups.The initial two groups(each has 250 students)include the understudies from huge cities,part of them understudies from country regions. First,all of them will hear the narrative of Huck Finn. At that point they wi answer significant inquiries regarding the pictures of Huck Finn in th surveys and during the meetings. The inquiries are about th utilizing strategy for language,the plot structure and the considering Huck,et Finally,the film of Huck Finn will be appeared. Understudies will depict th picture of Huck and their perspectives about racial issues in this book According to their answers,different answers will be partitioned into differen groups.After these works,comes the investigations of the measurements and dat After looking at the appropriate responses of the four groups,gives the conclusio whether artistic understudies from huge urban communities and from provincial zones have th sa

Gender Roles in The Yellow Wallpaper -- Charlotte Perkins Gillman, shor

The Yellow Paper is a short story distributed in 1892, and composed by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Charlotte recounts a debilitating story of a lady who battles to liberate herself from post pregnancy anxiety. The Yellow Paper gives a record of a sincerely and scholarly decayed lady battles to break liberated from a psychological jail her better half had placed her into, so as to discover harmony. The lady lived in a male commanded society and needed arraignment from it as she had been made insane, in light of the Victorian â€Å"rest-cure† (Gilman 45). Her better half chose to drive her to have an exacting bed rest by isolating her from her lone youngster. He took her to recover in a secluded nation home in solitude. The bed rest her better half constrained into caused her psychological state to create from terrible to most exceedingly terrible. The Yellow Paper is a story that cautions the perusers about the outcomes of fixed sex jobs in a male-ruled world. In The Yellow Paper , a woman’s job was to be an obedient spouse and she ought not scrutinize her husband’s authority and even whereabouts. Though, a man’s job was to be a spouse, fundamental chief, discerning mastermind and his position was not to be addressed by the wife. The storyteller in The Yellow Paper was a mother and a spouse who was attempting to liberate herself from the jail her better half had placed her into. She lived in a male-overwhelm world whereby she was to be a spouse who never scrutinized her husband’s authority. She experienced a serious post birth anxiety case, yet her marriage discouraged her as well. The storyteller was in a marriage whereby her significant other overwhelmed and treated her like a youngster. Her significant other was the sole chief and since she lived in a general public whereby ladies were never permitted to scrutinize their husband’s decisio... ...he quit being the defender and the main levelheaded scholar in the family. In this short story, the men had control over ladies and they subverted them. The storyteller demanded to her significant other that she was wiped out, yet he never took her genuine rather, he bound her in a detached spot away from home and her youngster. In the long run both a couple free since, they are caught in fixed sexual orientation jobs and couldn't conflict with them. Works Cited Carnley, Peter. The Yellow Wallpaper and different lessons. New York: Harper Collins, 2001. Print. Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. The Yellow Wallpaper. New York: Dover Publications, 1997. Print. Hume, Beverly A. Gilman’s ‘Interminable Grotesque’: The Narrator of ‘The Yellow Wallpaper, Studies in Short Fiction 28 (Fall 1991): 477-484. Fences, Elaine R. â€Å"Afterward† to â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper.†Old Westbury, NY.Feminist Press 1973. Print. Sexual orientation Roles in The Yellow Wallpaper - Charlotte Perkins Gillman, shor The Yellow Paper is a short story distributed in 1892, and composed by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Charlotte recounts a debilitating story of a lady who battles to liberate herself from post pregnancy anxiety. The Yellow Paper gives a record of a sincerely and scholarly crumbled lady battles to break liberated from a psychological jail her better half had placed her into, so as to discover harmony. The lady lived in a male ruled society and needed prosecution from it as she had been made insane, due to the Victorian â€Å"rest-cure† (Gilman 45). Her better half chose to compel her to have a severe bed rest by isolating her from her lone youngster. He took her to recover in a secluded nation bequest isolated. The bed rest her significant other constrained into caused her psychological state to create from awful to most exceedingly terrible. The Yellow Paper is a story that cautions the perusers about the outcomes of fixed sex jobs in a male-ruled world. In The Yellow Paper, a wom an’s job was to be a devoted spouse and she ought not scrutinize her husband’s authority and even whereabouts. While, a man’s job was to be a spouse, fundamental chief, normal scholar and his position was not to be addressed by the wife. The storyteller in The Yellow Paper was a mother and a spouse who was attempting to liberate herself from the jail her better half had placed her into. She lived in a male-overwhelm world whereby she was to be a spouse who never scrutinized her husband’s authority. She experienced an extreme post birth anxiety case, yet her marriage discouraged her as well. The storyteller was in a marriage whereby her better half overwhelmed and treated her like a kid. Her significant other was the sole leader and since she lived in a general public whereby ladies were never permitted to scrutinize their husband’s decisio... ...he quit being the defender and the main sane mastermind in the family. In this short story, the men had control over ladies and they sabotaged them. The storyteller demanded to her better half that she was wiped out, however he never took her genuine rather, he bound her in a detached spot away from home and her kid. In the long run both a couple free since, they are caught in fixed sexual orientation jobs and couldn't conflict with them. Works Cited Carnley, Peter. The Yellow Wallpaper and different messages. New York: Harper Collins, 2001. Print. Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. The Yellow Wallpaper. New York: Dover Publications, 1997. Print. Hume, Beverly A. Gilman’s ‘Interminable Grotesque’: The Narrator of ‘The Yellow Wallpaper, Studies in Short Fiction 28 (Fall 1991): 477-484. Supports, Elaine R. â€Å"Afterward† to â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper.†Old Westbury, NY.Feminist Press 1973. Print.

15 Words That are Dumbing You Down

15 Words That are Dumbing You Down Actions speak louder than words, right?Until you get judged by the kind of words you use in your speech. Or writing.Just as you know that words are powerful enough to hurt or heal, they make a strong impression of you.When you choose to use certain words or phrases to express yourself, you are not merely expressing your thoughts. You are making yourself known to your listeners or readers. It is therefore important to take note of your choice of words.Some words are more commonly used in informal settings and they fit well in those environments. But in formal settings, you will do well to avoid those words.Although this is quite obvious, it really isn’t, at least going by the number of people using informal words in a formal setting. This happens because these words easily become your go-to vocabulary after hearing them over and over.There is however a serious danger in this. You risk being labeled as dumb. Yes, with all your education and skills, you can still attract that title.Wh at’s more, your career can take a downward turn since you won’t come across as someone serious enough to handle more demanding work.So, if you’re interested in that promotion, growing your career, networking with more learned and experienced people in your industry, then drop these words. These words do a good job at dumbing you down in the face of the people who matter.1. IrregardlessThis word is not only common, but it’s also increasing in popularity. And what’s the problem with it?It sounds wrong. And it probably would have been, only that a Merrian-Webster lexicographer made a case for it. It is not a very strong case anyway and she advises that people should use the more acceptable regardless.This word gets a lot of bashing for being incorrect and the oxford dictionary considers it non-standard. When you use the word irregardless, you most likely mean regardless. You probably thought it was just similar to, especially as far as the prefix is concerned, the word irresp ective.The meaning is supposed to be the same but your audience will not forgive you for its use. They will just see you as uneducated or ignorant. And for that reason, you are better off avoiding the word altogether.Stick to either regardless or alternate to irrespective.2. StuffYou may be using this word to refer to many related things when you are not giving specifics. And as valid as you think that usage is, it spells doom for you.When you say This free E-book will teach you lots of stuff about marketing, you sound like an amateur marketer in need of email addresses. If what you want is to get people’s email addresses, then don’t use the word stuff.Being so casual, this word shows that the material you are offering has no real value. It is only full of generalities. If you want to sell or promote your work and get something valuable (money, email addresses etc) in return, tell your customers exactly what they will get.Are you giving advice on how to improve sales? Give a lis t of steps that your book discusses. Showing people how to make money online? Tell them your book discusses the challenges, the market, the procedures etc. Whatever you do, be specific and don’t say stuff.3. Honestly / To be honestThis is a really bad one and you should avoid it. You may think you are being diplomatic in using this when about to say something possibly hurtful but you’re wrong. The effect is quite negative.Using the word honestly or the words to be honest implies that all along, you have not been honest. You have been trying to be friendly by hiding crucial information but have now decided to be sincere.If that is the case, then go ahead and ensure you explain yourself well enough. If that is not the case, make the effort to avoid using the word.Something else that comes up here is the oft-made claim that you can avoid giving your friend some information so as not to hurt them. This only applies to children. They are the ones who cannot handle some information.Bu t if you are talking to an adult, you better look for a way of telling them the important information you have concerning them. To understand why, put yourself in their shoes and imagine something terrible happening to you. You fail to prevent it because you never knew about it, only to later learn that your friend knew something about it.Would you be sure that the person is really your friend?4. OopsyThis is a diminutive form of oops. Funny enough, it is longer than the original form despite being intended to be the smaller version. That’s one reason it is weird. A bigger reason to stop using it is that it is too informal and sounds rather careless.You know that when you mistakenly spill a drink you automatically say oops, followed by sorry. But if you were to say oopsy, you stop indicating it was a mistake and imply that it could have been utter carelessness.This word has a tone of playfulness in it and that makes it a bad choice for starting an apology. Whether you have said th e wrong words or made the wrong turn on the road, you will come out as mature when you simply say sorry.5. Amazing / AwesomeAs words used to describe something great and worth checking out, these two words have been overused for a long time. And more people are still using them. The overuse casts doubt on what is being said.If everything everywhere is amazing and awesome, it becomes doubtful that anything really is.Think about it. If there are three events being promoted on TV and all of them are said to be amazing, which one stands out? Which one of the three promotions will convince you to attend? Probably none.And unless you are just looking for a way of spending time in things you are not sure about, you will not attend any of them.Why?It is doubtful that any of them will deliver value. Anyone trying to sell something uses these words and as such, the weight of the words is reduced. If you use them, you will get banded together with those who use them to sell non-valuable materi al.And what happens to such people? They get avoided.6. Nope and YupIs everything ok? Yup. Did the client raise any questions? Nope.None of these responses sound good. Especially if you are responding to someone above you in rank. These words show disrespect for the person you’re responding to. They make you sound as though you care little about the conversation you are having.If you care about what you are talking about, give it sufficient attention. That means you will give relevant explanations and offer any important information. And that cannot happen if you start your response with these words. It just sounds off the mark.The use of these words is too casual for a respectable person to use. Although they may have been popularized by informal communication among friends, they need to remain in those circlesâ€"if at all they must be used.If the answer you are giving is in the affirmative, just say yes. If it’s in the negative, stick to no. Anything else will work against you r best interests. You will reduce your prospects of landing a better job, connecting with the right people or even signing that much-needed deal.7. Always“Is this a bad word to use?” you may ask.The word itself is not bad but the idea it paints is often a wrong one.Always means all the time and that is where the problem comes in. If you are delivering a speech to investors or a technical team and use this word, you are saying that there are no exceptions. What you are explaining happens exactly the way you are saying it does. And it never changes. Possibly never will.That is where the problem lies.You open yourself up to being challenged. You put your speech or copy in the firing line. You are basically saying that no-one can disprove your statements because they refer to what happens all the time.If the people who are listening to you are smart or experienced enough, they will know that you are exaggerating. Even if you have the figures to back up your statements, are you sure about the future?When you say always, you are giving an assurance that you most likely cannot guarantee.For example, you may be talking to investors about an investment opportunity. When you say that the returns are always high, have you considered potential limitations? Are you being unrealistically positive?When you say that something, especially something good, always happens, someone who is keen enough will take your speech to be mere hype. It is more like the interpretation of the words amazing and awesome.Before someone interjects or just ignores your idea, stop promising what you can’t deliver by using this word. Tone down your communication and be more realistic. It is better to get unexpectedly higher returns than expect more only to get less or nothing.8. WhateverThis word gets much use in referring to something either entirely unknown or not fully understood. But that’s not the problem. The problem comes with the usage as a response to someone’s question or statemen t. In that usage, saying whatever actually means you don’t care.Did someone say something and your reply was “whatever?” Was a colleague explaining his point in an argument and you said “whatever?”What you really said is that you didn’t care what they were talking about. It didn’t matter to you. And do you know what that means?It means that you are proud. Other people’s opinions are simply not good enough for you to try and understand. As long as they did not agree with your perspective, then you are not ready to spend time to understand them.9. LikeThis is not the “Like” used on Facebook to express approval for a post. Neither is it the use of the word in making comparisons. For example, someone might drive like his father. Or cook well like a professional. Those usages are correct but what is not is slightly different.“How do you, like, manage to pass without studying at the last minute?”“Where do you, like, buy your clothes?”The use of the word like in these examples make it a filler word. A filler word fills a gap. They indicate a pause while also signifying that the speaker has not finished speaking. When using them, you are simply taking a moment to think of the best way of saying what you want to say.Is that a bad thing?Yes, filler words ruin your credibility. They simple shout from the rooftops that you aren’t sure of what you are saying. Or you were never prepared for the speech in the first place.Don’t get this wrong though. Filler words have their place in speeches. Even professional speakers use them and they get celebrated.However, you could end up misusing them when you no longer stay in control of them. Filler words come almost naturally and they help you arrange and re-arrange your thoughts in your mind before speaking them out.When used properly, filler words help you deliver your speech perfectly but when you overuse them, you land into trouble.When you, um, say that you ah, kind of, prefer speaking, to, you kn ow, writing, you also portray yourself as lacking in confidence. Confident people know what they want and they say it well. If they use filler words, and they usually do, they will be minimal.If filler words are filling up your prose, then it’s time for some work. Since this happens unconsciously, you may not realize it until someone tells you. Now that you have read about it, start checking your words.This needs some work so embrace the journey.10. Each and EveryThis is one place where the need to emphasize causes repetition. Minus the need for emphasis, no sentence will lose meaning simply because there is no each and every in it. Consider the below three sentences.Each and every one of you should register for this course.Each one of you should register for this course.Every one of you should register for this course.Do you see what each and every does to your sentences? It makes it unnecessarily lengthy and adds a dumbing repetition. When you say “each one” or “every oneâ €, the meaning comes out clearly enough. If what you want is to emphasize, then look for other ways of doing it and avoid repetition. This repetition implies a lack of sufficient vocabulary. And that is not a good thing.As an example, you can implement emphasis by shifting attention from the people you are addressing and putting it on the course. You could say, “This course offers useful knowledge for anyone desiring to advance in their career in business management.” This will communicate the importance of taking the course.11. Due to the fact thatThis is another phrase which seeks to put emphasis on something. You often use this when trying to convince people about something. To back your statements, you use some evidence as the foundation of your premise.For example, you could say “Due to the fact that math is essential in engineering, everyone must attain at least a pass.” What if you instead said, “Since math is essential in engineering, everyone must attain at least a pass?”Do you see the unnecessary repetition? Math being essential in engineering is a fact. When you add due to the fact, it is as though your audience is doubting the fact. You are therefore restating it so they believe it. But do they doubt that math is essential in engineering?Generally speaking, words and phrases are dumbing because they are either informal yet being used in formal settings, or they are too common. They could also be too simplistic, especially if used in professional talk where particular jargon is expected.There are adjectives which paint a better picture of what you want to communicate as opposed to many other simple words. This calls for an improvement of your vocabulary. For example, instead of saying you were extremely happy, you could say you were ecstatic.12. KindaHere is one informal word that casually finds its way into formal speech. Instead of saying kind of, you say kinda. Yet that is not all. The bigger problem lies in the location of the word in a sentence and its intended meaning.This word is used to describe something which you don’t have the right words for. You may be trying to describe something that was bad but not ugly. Since you don’t know which word to use, you end up saying “It looked kinda ugly”.What you are really saying is that it was ugly but not really ugly. So what did it look like? If you are to communicate well, you need to build your vocabulary. And note that this does not mean you go after the big words. Using big words is not an indicator of you being smarter. It could in fact have the opposite effect.In business and other formal settings, communication is meant to pass a message. Your language should therefore be simple and grammatically correct. Your vocabulary comes in to assist you in your efforts to be accurate.You vocabulary is useful in describing situations, things, events etc. This helps you capture the right emotions as you paint a picture using words. Avoid technical terms unless y ou are talking to technical people.13. You know“This new software will help you, you know, get better results.”“I was able to, you know, convince him, without breaking a sweat.”The question is, when you say, you know, what makes you think I know? Aren’t you supposed to explain it to me so I know?Using this phrase in your communication means you are assuming that your audience is aware of something that is supposed to help them understand what you’re talking about.If for example you are telling them something, then they are listening because they don’t know in the first place. Stop assuming that they know and tell them what they should know.Something else that comes out with this phrase is a sense of pride. You are being proud of yourself in the way you utilized your abilities and achieved your goal. Whereas it is important to acknowledge your abilities and even celebrate your achievements, expressing pride is often not appreciated.Did you really convince him without br eaking a sweat? That means your abilities are great. You are probably hoping to get some praise. And although you may get it, it may not be with genuine appreciation or love. It might even be the last time it comes your way.14. TotesThis word is meant to be a short form of totally. But it’s nothing but an informal breaking of a word. To make it worse, it sounds quite childish. If you are not a teenager interacting with your age-mates, stay clear of this word.If your child uses it in a chat or text message he sent you, just understand what it means but don’t adopt it. Do not even use it in your response to him. It might stick and land you into problems later.When you are asked a question and answer by saying totes instead of totally, people will really wonder what it is you just said. This word is not even in the mainstream dictionaries. It is in the urban dictionary which aptly says that the word is used by teenage girls.That should tell you that even when hanging out with your friends over the weekend, you should avoid the word.15. WentThis word describes an action you took of moving from one point to another. Nothing wrong with that. But what if you were more descriptive?When you say you went to the grocery store, the message is passed, albeit with some ambiguity in regards to the movement itself. It would be better to point out by which means you went to the store. For example, you could say you drove or walked to the grocery store.This is part of helpful communication as it eliminates the lack of clarity.The only time you can safely use the word went without any problem is when being general.You could say that you went shopping. That is perfectly okay. In this case, you are not specifying where exactly you went to but your supplies. You also don’t specify what supplies you bought.But saying you went to the supermarket; you went to work; you went to your friend’s place etc, invites some questions. How far is your friend’s place? Did you walk? Jog? Take a taxi?CONCLUSIONAvoiding these dumbing words, embrace the better alternatives provided, or others from your dictionary and strengthen your vocabulary. Stand out by being clear and communicate more effectively.

The Complexities Of Cross Border Mergers Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

The fifty wave of mergers and acquisition took popularity in the stream ofcross border mergers(Wikipedia)In 1998, cross-border acquisitions accounted for around 80% of FDI outflows of united kingdom in the US, on average over the 1984-1995 period, crossborder acquisitions accounted for over 90% of US FDI inflows. Cross border mergers and acquisitions are playing an important role in the growth of international production Although the basic merger or acquisition is the same worldwide, undertaking a cross-border transaction is more complex than those conducted in market because of the multiple sets of laws, customs, cultures, currencies, and other factors that impact the process.-article 102 For the first time in recent history, in 2007, the value of cross-border deals equaled the value of intraborder MAs (Economist 2007a). Article 100 Cross border ma are generally initiated by either Capital market school-capital market prospective of mergers and acquisition s looks into revenue that is generated by the bringing together of assets of two companies. They believe that a new investor becomes the owner because he/she can manage the assets in a better way then it was earlier done. These economists highlight concepts such as capital asset pricing model,agency theory, EMH, and a market for corporate control. Strategy school- unlike the capital market school, which is dependent on aspects like impact on the market after post or prior to MA, this school is interested in knowing the impact on individual entity (e.g.-impact of a merger on both the companies balance sheets, trading, business, revenue etc) Organisational behaviour school- evidence suggest that acquisitions in the last 2 decades have been much surrounded by implementation problems and bad post acquisition performance (vermeulen and barkema 2001). This school takes into account the human behaviour on post merger integration. The ecomomist are more inclined towards finding the impact of cross border MS on individuals. YEAR DEAL NATURE OF DEAL 1907 Royal Dutch / Shell- Friendly 1930 Unilever Plc /Unilever NV Dual-Headed Structures 1988 GrandMet / Pillsbury HostileDeal 1989 SmithKline Beckman / Beecham ADRand Stapled Stock 1997 BAT/ Zurich Dual-Headed and Demerger 1998 DaimlerBenz/Chrysler Global Share 1999 Vodafone / AirTouch Contested StockDeal 1999 Alcan / Alusuisse / Pechiney 3-WayStockDeal 1999 Vodafone AirTouch /Mannesmann Hostile StockDeal WHY MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS faced with continued pressure to grow profits and with substantial cash on the balance sheet However, in many industries-telecommunications and banking, for example-further national consolidation is constrained in more mature markets by antitrust regulations, forcing companies to look abroad for new targets. In addition, as competitors, suppliers and customers become more global in outlook, many companies are feeling the pressure to expand their geographic presence just to remain competitive. agency theory (Kesner et al., 1994), hubris (Weston and Weaver, 2001; Berkovich and Narayanan, 1993; Roll, 1986; Seth et al., 2000) and empire building (Trautwein, 1990) indicate the existence of more than one motive for MAs. Hitt et al. (2001) also suggested multiple motives for firms to complete CBMAs. Acquiring of foreign targets should benefit the acquirers in many ways. First, it offers better access to product market in the forms of new sources of demand and enhan ced possibilities of receiving favourable treatment from consumers and regulators in foreign markets. Second, it leads to relatively stable cash flows owing to reduced exposure to macro-economic risk through geographical diversification as the business cycles of various countries are unlikely to move together. Third, it offers opportunities of using local resources and technology that may help reduce the cost of production. Fourth, the increased access to foreign capital markets helps in lowering the cost of capital of the firm. Finally, multinational firms enjoy more investment opportunities than domestic firms while maintaining the opportunities available in home market. Such enhanced business opportunities suggest that (a) acquisition of a foreign target should increase the value of bidder and (b) the gains CBAs should be higher than the gains from domestic target acquisitions. These should be reflected in both announcement period and long-term pe rformance of acquirers. There are a number of reasons why a corporation will merge with, acquire, or be acquired by another corporation. Sometimes, corporations can produce goods or services more efficiently if they combine their efforts and facilities. These efficiency gains may come simply by virtue of the size of the combined company; it may be cheaper to produce goods on a larger scale. Collaborating or sharing expertise may achieve gains in efficiency, or a company might have underutilized assets the other company can better use. Also, a change in management may make the company more profitable. Other reasons for acquisitions have to do more withÂÂ  hubrisÂÂ  and power. The management of an acquiring company may be motivated more by the desire to manage ever-larger companies than by any possible gains in efficiency. To facilitate faster entry into foreign market Increase market power Access to and acquisition of new resources and technology Diversification Improved management Synergy Managerial motive K. Shimizu et al. / Journal of International Management 10 (2004) 307-353 RECENT TRENDS The size of private equity has increased doubling the size of global mergers and acquisitions deals. The new figures show that private equity in cross border mergers and acquisitions is around 31% (2004-2007).new market player including financial corporations and sovereign wealth fund have entered the market. A survey by Accenture group reveals that 20% of the future growth will come from mergers and acquisitions Despite the current tightening of credit and general economic uncertainty, one area of business activity has remained surprisingly robust: MA. Although many players sat on the sidelines for the first half of 2008, global deal volume during the previous two years surpassed the record-breaking levels set in 2000. Moreover, the need for corporate growth and the availability of financing from new sources are likely to reignite the merger market boom and keep it going for the foreseeable future. The role of private equity has grown dramatically, doubling its share in global MA deals-accounting for more than 31 percent of transactions in the current MA wave (2004-2007) compared with the prior MA wave (1995-2000.) Other new investors, including corporations and sovereign wealth funds from emerging markets, have entered the MA arena. But the most significant trend has been the growth in the number of cross-border transactions, which now account for almost half of total MA deal value. While the majority of MAs involve two firms within the same country, over 40% of the MAs that were completed between 1999 and 2000 involved firms headquartered in two different countries (Hitt et al., 2001a,b) Cross-border MAs pose tremendous challenges, in particular, at the postacquisition stage (Child et al., 2001). Recent evidence suggests that they are not highly successful. For instance, a study by KPMG found approximately that only 17% of crossborder acquisitions created shareholder value, while 53% destroyed it (Economist, 1999 ). Complexities- article 102 foreign target acquisition increases the risk of the acquirer for several reasons. First, acquisition of a foreign target exposes the firm to wider range of transactions and translations risks. These may result in higher volatility in cash flows, earnings and net assets. Second, it exposes the acquirer to political risks such as threat of nationalization by host government, changes in host governments attitude towards foreign investment and amendments in financial regulations such as custom duties, taxes etc. that may affect bidders cash-flow adversely. Finally, due to differences in legal and cultural factors the agency cost of managing a foreign subsidiary is likely to be higher than running a domestic subsidiary. These factors are likely to push the cost of capital 6 which in turn reduces the value of the bidder. This suggests that, ceteris paribus, bidders of domestic targets, which are not exposed to these risk s, should perform better than bidders engaged in CBAs. Therefore, whether CBAs are superior to domestic acquisitions is an empirical issue as it addressed in the paper. The dynamics of cross-border MAs are largely similar to those of domestic MAs. However, due to their international nature, they also involve unique challenges, as countries have different economic, institutional (i.e., regulatory), and cultural structures (Hofstede, 1980; House et al., 2002) Flowback, Or I Dont Want Your Stock WhenÂÂ  foreign investorsÂÂ  perform a massive sell-off of a companys cross-listed sharesÂÂ  back to the country of issuanceÂÂ  as a result of an impending cross-border merger Flowback may be the biggest obstacle to the feasibility of cross-border mergers. Put simply, flowback is the unwillingness of target-company shareholders to hold foreign-domiciled equity of the acquirer. This sentiment is common among indexers and quasi-indexers; if themerged firm will not be indexed in the targets country, there is little incentive for these investors to hold the shares and a large incentive to sell. Many important stock indices, including the SP 500, no longer admit foreign-domiciled issuers. tax or currency issues-cross border mergers have complex tax structures which makes then deal even more complicated. Althought the government provides tax incentives Despite some harmonised rules, taxation issues are mainly dealt with in national rules, and are not always f ully clear or exhaustive to ascertain the tax impact of a cross-border merger or acquisition. This uncertainty on tax arrangements sometimes requires seeking for special agreements or arrangements from the tax authorities on an ad hoc basis, whereas in the case of a domestic deal the process is much more deterministic This uncertainty on tax arrangements sometimes requires seeking for special agreements or arrangements from the tax authorities on an ad hoc basis. The uncertainty on VAT regime applicable to financial products and services may put at risk thebusiness model or envisaged synergies . A group operating across several Member States may wish to centralize support functions to increase operating efficiency. But in many cases the result will include creating a VAT penalty on the inter group supply of services increase operating efficiency. But in many cases the result will include creating a VAT penalty on the inter group supply of services significant antitrust or non competition issues which law would be applicable- Take the case ofÂÂ  Tata Steels acquisition of UKs Corus, where the initial strains have begun to show through labour issues and could likely result in labour strikes on account of Tata Steels decision to mothball its Teesside unit in northeastern England. POLITICS AND ANTITRUST Politics still plays a role in cross-border MA-but to varying effect. In some cases, the reluctance of state shareholders to sell to foreign firms has scuttled planned transactions (although the quickening pace of privatization, particularly in Europe, should diminish these concerns). Reluctance to cede jobs and tax revenues to other states is another, potentially more enduring, obstacle. In other cases, political concerns about domestic competition and antitrust may in fact accelerate cross-border consolidation, as companies with fewoptions at home are forced to seek scale abroad. ÂÂ  The cultural complexities. One of the biggest challenges in a cross-border MA transaction is overcoming cultural and business differences. Understanding the culture, regulatory environment, benefits philosophy, customer expectations, working habits and marketing strategy of a company adds layers of complexity to a deal. Clashes in country and company cultures can easily trum p business objectives and derail a deal. Body intensity of MA activity is significantly higher in countries with better investor protection. International market for corporate control targets firms in countries with weaker corporate governance practices Zechner (2001) and Reese and Weisbach (2002) show that firms from countries with weak legal protection for minority shareholders list abroad more frequently than firms from other countries. Investor protection increases the demand for MA activity. Mearly pricing and valuation is not a good approach for final decision of whether to acquire or not. Every long term effect of the deal should be taken into concideration. Legal barriers Cross border mergers or acquisitions is a complicated transaction which involves numerous participants legal as well as private. A cross border deal (of a large firm or, of a important sector like mining, power, telecom) is actively contemplated by regulators and govt for possible flaws. There are often regulated by laws, local rules and regulatory restrictions.even at times when the bids are actually friendly takeovers acquirers are disadvantages by a potential lack of information and legal restrictions from the govt. countries having rigid legal system which leads to foggy decision ability. The bidder might not be aware of where the bid could fail or be rejected and on what grounds. In some countries the company law allows the companies to adopt defence tactics like poison pill, dual voting to prevent hostile takeovers. These efects discourages companies to take such a costly action Blocking cross-border mergers REGULATORY LAW : MA are regulated by both state and federal laws. State law sets procedures to be followed while approving a merger or a acquisition. It also establishes legal enforceability of these laws so that the acquired company and its shareholders are given a fair compensation. Law does not create any obstacle in the deal unless a question of who has the authority to regulate or govern a deal arises.m Main body We find that cross-border MAs are more likely to occur in countries where foreign institutions hold a higher fraction of the local stock market. Previous studies on cross-border MAs focus on country-level governance aspects. Rossi and Volpin (2004) find that targets in cross-border MA deals are more frequently from countries with weaker investor protection than their acquirers country, suggesting a convergence in governance standards. Starks and Wei (2004) and Bris and Cabolis (2008) find a higher takeover premium when investor protection in the acquirers country is stronger than in the targets country. In view of miller and Whitman, Ragazzi, black Stulz foreign direct investment (FDI) is the product of such factors as (a) imperfections in the product and factors markets, (b) different taxation, and (c) imperfections in the international financial markets. Effect of cross border merger and acquisition on share holder wealth cross-border transactions result in significant wealth destruction for shareholders while domestic transactions result in value generation for shareholders of German acquirers. Legal, economic or cultural obstacles to cross-border transactions, information imperfection and difficulties in post-merger integration due to cultural differences may have contributed to the negative cumulative abnormal returns to shareholders of cross-border transactions. A majority vote of shareholders is generally required to approve a merger La Porta et al. (1997) showed that investors in common-law countries enjoy the highest level of protection, while investors in civil-law countries receive the lowest. Rossi and Volpin (2004) show a strong positive relationship between takeover premiums and investor protection, suggesting that acquirers pay higher premiums when they acquire targets from countries that have better investor protection. Errunza and Senbet (1981, 1984), Kim and Lyn (19 86), and Morck and Yeung (1991) report a significantly positive relation between internationalisation and firm value. Bodnar, Tang and Weintrop (2003) corroborate the prior evidence on the positive effects of corporate international diversification on firm value, whereas Christophe (1997) and Denis, Denis and Yost (2002) find evidence that international operations lead to value destruction. Marcelo B. Dos Santos, Vihang R. Errunza and Darius P. Miller* evaluated 136 cross border mergers and acquisitions from the acquirers of foreign target firms between 1990-1999 and find no evidence on average of any statistically significant decrease in the excess value of the U.S. acquiring firms in 2 years surrounding the deal. Also they use similar valuation methodology as in Bodnar, Tang and Weintrop (2003) and Denis, Denis and Yost (2002), which represents a variation of the industry-matched multiplier approach. Their results advice that a cross border acquisition does no t result in value destruction. They find that related cross border mergers and acquisition does not lead to value destruction and unrelated cross border merger and acquisition leads to value destruction. Fatemi and Furtado (1988), Markides and Ittner (1994) and Datta and Puia (1995) all of which find either non-significant positive abnormal returns or, in the case of Datta and Puia, negative abnormal returns John Doukas And Nickolaos g. Travolis discuss how firms engaging in international expansion by acquiring foreign corporations with an intension to maximise shareloders wealth. Their results suggest that shareholders of firms not already operating in the target firms country get the best benefit from the acquisition, In terms of non-US countries, Kang (1993) investigates the abnormal returns of Japanese bidders in the US and finds positive abnormal returns to Japanese firms. Corhay and Rad (2000) find weak evidence that cross-border acquisitions are wealth -creating based on a sample of Dutch firms They also find evidence that the benefits from internalisation are greater for firms having less international exposure and making acquisitions outside their main industrial activity. In terms of cross-country comparisons, Eun et al. (1996) have shown that the returns to acquiring firms are likely to vary across countries. Examining Cross-border acquisitions in the US, they show that bidding firms sourced from Japan experienced positive abnormal returns while UK firms experienced considerable negative abnormal returns. Acquiring firms based in Canada experienced mildly positive abnormal returns that were considerably below those experienced by Japanese firms.4 Cakici et al. (1996) also report significantly positive abnormal returns around the event date for acquirers from Japan, Australia, the UK and the Netherlands. These studies suggest that positive abnormal returns are likely to vary depending upon the characteristics of the investing firms, the country of origin, and the country and/or industry in which the acquiring firm is investing in Hidden weaknesses/problems in acquired companies lead to over-optimistic expectations of the acquirer or failure to anticipate difficulties Strong internal/external pressures for swift decision-making encourage a financial focus as opposed to the assessment of crucial operational or cultural issues. Control by very few people with a limited time commitment or continuity throughout the pre- and post integration process. Frequently there is no a formal function/team taking responsibility to systematically control MA projects. Lack of processes in place to deal with the complex organisational dynamics necessary in pursuing MA synergies. Merged companies frequently take years to deliver full organisational integration. SOME MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS Failure of General Motors (GM) AND Daewoo (one of the key players of the automotive industry) joint venture in 1980s was a result of differences in the approach of the managers. Daewoo executives wanted the venture to achieve net growth even thought the venture was running in net losses. But GM Wanted to reduce operations in order to increase the profits. eventually this led to a disagreement which was to be discontinued. This led to a great loss to bothd the companies in terms of investment and valuable time. This is a very good example of a friendly merger which can be unsuccessful due to changes in opinions.